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The doctrine of the Trinity, considered the core of Christian theology by ''Trinitarians'', is the result of continuous exploration by the church of the biblical data, thrashed out in debate and treatises, eventually formulated at the First Council of Nicaea in 325 AD in a way they believe is consistent with the biblical witness, and further refined in later councils and writings.〔Oxford Dictionary of the Bible, Trinity Article〕 The most widely recognized Biblical foundations for the doctrine's formulation are in the Gospel of John.〔 Nontrinitarianism is any of several Christian beliefs that reject the Trinitarian doctrine that God is three distinct persons in one being. Modern nontrinitarian groups views differ widely on the nature of God, Jesus, and the Holy Spirit. ==Biblical canon== (詳細はearly church used the Old Testament according to the canon of the Septuagint (LXX), the apostles did not otherwise leave a defined set of new scriptures; instead the New Testament developed over time. The writings attributed to the apostles circulated amongst the earliest Christian communities. The Pauline epistles were circulating in collected form by the end of the 1st century AD. The Bryennios list is an early Christian canon found in Codex Hierosolymitanus and dated to around 100.〔published by J.-P. Audet in ''JTS'' () 1950, v1, pp 135-154; see also (''The Council of Jamnia and the Old Testament Canon'' ), Robert C. Newman, 1983.〕 Justin Martyr, in the early 2nd century, mentions the "memoirs of the apostles", but his references are not detailed. Around 160 Irenaeus of Lyons argued for only four Gospels (the ''Tetramorph''), and argued that it would be illogical to reject ''Acts of the Apostles'' but accept the ''Gospel of Luke'', as both were from the same author.〔Irenaeus, ''Adversus Haereses'' 3.11.8〕 By the early 200's, Origen may have been using the same 27 books as in the modern New Testament, though there were still disputes over the canonicity of Hebrews, James, II Peter, II and III John, and Revelation,〔Both points taken from Mark A. Noll's ''Turning Points'', (Baker Academic, 1997) pp 36-37〕 see Antilegomena. Likewise by 200 the Muratorian fragment shows that there existed a set of Christian writings somewhat similar to what is now the 27-book New Testament. In his Easter letter of 367, Athanasius, Bishop of Alexandria, gave a list exactly the same in number and order with what would become the New Testament canon and be accepted by the Greek church. The African Synod of Hippo, in 393, approved the New Testament, as it stands today, together with the Septuagint books, a decision that was repeated by Councils of Carthage in 397 and 419. Pope Damasus I's Council of Rome in 382, only if the ''Decretum Gelasianum'' is correctly associated with it, issued a biblical canon identical to that mentioned above.〔 In 405, Pope Innocent I sent a list of the sacred books to a Gallic bishop, Exsuperius of Toulouse. Nonetheless, a full dogmatic articulation of the canon was not made until the Council of Trent in the 16th century.〔According to the Catholic Encyclopedia article on the (Canon of the New Testament ): "The idea of a complete and clear-cut canon of the New Testament existing from the beginning, that is from Apostolic times, has no foundation in history. The Canon of the New Testament, like that of the Old, is the result of a development, of a process at once stimulated by disputes with doubters, both within and without the Church, and retarded by certain obscurities and natural hesitations, and which did not reach its final term until the dogmatic definition of the Tridentine Council."〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「History of Christian theology」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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